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Hawaii's Outer Kingdom
OCTOBER 2005
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Photo captions by Jane Vessels


Hawaii's Outer Kingdom Gallery Photo

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Sun Sustenance
Photograph by David Liittschwager and Susan Middleton

Sometimes called a solar-powered sea slug, the blue dragon nudibranch (Pteraeolidia ianthina) incorporates into its body microscopic algae that convert sunlight into sugar, which feeds both the algae and the nudibranch. The reef mollusk, found in the French Frigate Shoals, also eats small stinging polyps similar to corals. The encapsulated stinging cells in those polyps protect the nudibranch from predators.


Photo Fast Facts
Camera: Hasselblad 553 ELX
Film Type: Kodak Portra 160NC
Lens: 135mm S-Planar
Speed and F-Stop: 1/250 @ f/32

Weather Conditions: N/A
Time of Day: N/A
Lighting Techniques: Electronic flash, one for the background and one for the subject

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